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  • package root

    Documentation for the Axiell Utilities Project

    Documentation for the Axiell Utilities Project

    Overview

    The Axiell Utilities Project attempts to provide a small library of classes and object applicable to most Axiell developments. The library is not geared towards any one project and so should be useful for new projects as well as existing ones.

    The library is based on a few simple principles, namely:

    • referential transparency. The principle that defines a call to a method with the same arguments will always return the same result and that the method does not have any side effects (e.g. updating global variables, etc).
    • functional programming support. If a method or class does have side effects then the method or class is marked as effectful. The library has been designed to not contain any effectful code.
    • minimal functionality. The library is designed to be small with support for a small number of common utilities. The main reason for the small size is to limit the number of dependencies drawn in by the package.

    Package structure

    The com.axiell.util package consists of a number of utilities, where each utility provides a single piece of functionality.

    Notable utilities are:

    • Configure generic configuration reader allowing application settings defined as resources to be interrogated.
    • Error generic error handling class defining a locale independent error message along with details relating to the context of the error. The context may include an exception and other relevant values.
    • Formatter retrieves and formats a locale specific string from a specified resource bundle. The formatting is specified in a C printf style.
    • Implicits implements implicit methods and classes used to pimp methods onto existing classes (e.g. fold() method to Boolean class) and to provide implicit implementations for the JsonLocal and ShowLocal type classes.
    • JsonLocal type class used to output locale specific JSON structures. Implementations exist for Message and Error.
    • Message provides a locale independent mechanism for handling strings. The strings for a given locale are stored in resource bundles that are accessed when the message is to be displayed.
    • ShowLocal type class used to show locale specific strings. Allows Message and Error to be converted to a given language string.

    Dependencies

    The list of dependencies are:

    • Typesafe Config a generic configuration file reader. The library is used by the Configure class to access settings stored as resources within an application.
    Definition Classes
    root
  • package com
    Definition Classes
    root
  • package axiell
    Definition Classes
    com
  • package util

    Axiell Utilities Project

    Axiell Utilities Project

    A set of classes and traits that provide a simple mechanism for the internationalisation of strings and error handling. A mechanism is also supplied to read an application's configuration resource. All methods have been designed to be referentially transparent without the introduction of an effectful library (e.g. cats).

    Imports

    The utility classes/traits can be imported in the usual way, however it is necessary to include the Implicits object if the showLocal and jsonLocal type class methods are used, similarly for the read method on Configure.

    Example:

    import com.axiell.util.Implicits._

    A shorthand way to gain access to all utility classes is to import:

    import com.axiell.util._
    import com.axiell.util.Implicits._

    For more detail on project see the root package page.

    Definition Classes
    axiell
  • package instances

    Contains implicit values used by type classes.

    Contains implicit values used by type classes.

    The implicit values are used by the ShowLocal, JsonLocal and ConfigureReader type classes to print out language dependent strings, language dependent JSON strings and read configuration values respectively.

    Implicit values exist for the following classes:

    • ConfigureReader (read)
    • Error (showLocal, jsonLocal)
    • Int (showLocal, jsonLocal)
    • List (showLocal, jsonLocal)
    • Message (showLocal, jsonLocal)
    • java.time.OffsetDateTime (showLocal, jsonLocal)
    • java.lang.String (showLocal, jsonLocal)
    • java.lang.Throwable (showLocal, jsonLocal)

    The method names appended in brackets are the extension methods added by the implicit values.

    Definition Classes
    util
  • package syntax

    Contains implicit classes used to add extension methods.

    Contains implicit classes used to add extension methods.

    The implicit classes are used to add the following extension methods:

    • showLocal displays a language dependent version of an object
    • jsonLocal generates a JSON string with language dependent strings
    • masonLocal generates a Mason Draft 2 compliant JSON string for Error
    • fold functionality for Boolean type

    All traits found in the package are for the implementation of extension methods. The traits are mixed into the Implicits object so they can be easily imported into clients when required.

    Definition Classes
    util
  • Configure
  • ConfigureReader
  • Error
  • ErrorException
  • Formatter
  • Implicits
  • JsonLocal
  • Message
  • MessageBundle
  • ShowLocal

final case class Message extends Product with Serializable

Contains a language independent message.

In order to support internationalisation of applications it is necessary to provide a mechanism that allows a string to be generated in a language independent way. The Message class provides such a mechanism.

A Message contains information used to extract a string and format it when it needs to be displayed. In order to display the string it is necessary to invoke the showLocal method passing in an implicit java.util.Locale. The locale determines what language is used to extract the string.

A language independent string is identified by three things, namely:

  • bundle identifies a group of strings stored within the one resource
  • code indicates which string to extract from the bundle
  • args that are interpolated into the string when displayed

Message objects may be passed around and the showLocal method only invoked when it is necessary to display the string in a language dependent way.

Let's look at an example:

class Messages_en extends java.util.ListResourceBundle {
  final override val getContents: Array[Array[AnyRef]] =
    Array(
      Array("BadValue", "The bad value is %s")
      ...
    )
}

class Messages_de extends java.util.ListResourceBundle {
  final override val getContents: Array[Array[AnyRef]] =
    Array(
      Array("BadValue", "Der falsche Wert ist %s")
      ...
    )
}

implicit val bundle = MessageBundle("Messages")
val message = Message("BadValue", "abc123")

implicit val locale = Locale.ENGLISH
message.showLocal
message.showLocal(Locale.GERMAN)

Output:

The bad value is abc123
Der falsche Wert ist abc123

The Messages_en class contains a mapping between the code used to identify a string and its English message, similarly Messages_de contains the same codes with the equivalent German message.

The Message is created using an implicit MessageBundle identifying the base class name containing the translated strings. Since the translated strings contain a format marker (%s) an argument must be supplied along with the code when the Message is instantiated.

The showLocal method is used when a Message is to be displayed. The method takes an implicit java.util.Locale identifying which language is to be shown. The method is an extension method added by the ShowLocal type class.

Source
Message.scala
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  6. val bundle: MessageBundle
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